Horseshoe Kidney With Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) – Male, 41 Years
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Left upper pole renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in a patient with horseshoe kidney, or renal fusion, a congenital variant where the kidney fails to ascend to the normal position due to non-cleavage embryologically, typically restricted by the inferior mesentary artery which hooks over the isthmus.
The incidence of RCC in horseshoe kidneys is the same as the general population, and its development and treatment is not related to the defect. Large tumors with an unfavorable localization within the horseshoe kidney, unknown relation to the vessels and the renal collecting system and a thick isthmus typically require open surgery.